Efek Konsumsi Alkohol dan Merokok Pada Wanita Hamil
Katya Rizqita Fitriana
Abstract
Active or passive use of alcohol and cigarettes can cause negative effects on the human body. Alcohol is one if a teratogenic substance than can cause an interference with pregnancy. Alcohol can criss the placenta barrier and it is know that alcohol metabolism in the fetus is twice slower than the mother. The use of cigarettes both active and passively in pregnant women can increase levels of carbon monoxide and nicotine in the blood of the mother and fetus. Increased levels of carbon monoxide will cause a decrease in oxygen levels delivered to the placenta, an increase in nicotine is know to cause distruption of brain growth that will produce cognitive, emotional, and behavioral problem in children. The effects of exposure to cigarettes anda alcohol are known to be one of the factors of spontaneous abortion, orofacial clefts, premature birth, anal atresia, low birth weight, growth retardation, placental abruption, stillbirth, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Downloads
References
Abraham, M., Alramadhan, S., Iniguez, C., Duijts, L., Vincent, W., Jaddoe, V., …Turner, S. (2017). A systematic review of maternal smoking during pregnancy and fetal measurements with meta-analysis. Plos One, 12(2), 1–13.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170946
Bhuvaneswar, C. G., Chang, G., Epstein, L. A., & Stern, T. A. (2007). Alcohol Use During Pregnancy: Prevalence and Impact. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry, 7(6), 455–460. https://doi.org/doi: 10.4088/pcc.v09n0608
Cogswell, M. E., Weisberg, P., & Spong, C. (2003). Life and Fitness Cigarette Smoking , Alcohol Use and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes : The Journal of Nutrition, 133(5), 1722–1731. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.5.1722S
Drake, P., Driscoll, A. K., & Mathews, T. J. (2018). Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy : United States , 2016. NCHS Data Brief, (305), 1–8.
Fifer, W. P., Fingers, S. Ten, Youngman, M., Gomez-Gribben, E., & Myers, M. M. (2012). Effects of Alcohol and Smoking During Pregnancy on Infant Autonomic Control. Dev Psychobiol, 51(3), 234–242. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.20366.Effects
Gunnerbeck, A., Bonamy, A.-K. E., Wikstro¨mGranath, A.-K., Granath, F., Cnattingius, S., & Wickstro, R. (2014). Maternal Snuff Use and Smoking and the Risk of Oral Cleft Malformations - A Population-Based Cohort Study. Plos One, 9(1).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084715
Hamułka, J., Zielińska, M. A., & Chądzyńska, K. (2018). The Combined Effects Of Alcohol And
Tobacco Use During Pregnancy On Birth Outcomes. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig, 69(1), 45–54. Hanum,
H., & Wibowo, A. (2016). Pengaruh Paparan Asap Rokok Lingkungan pada Ibu Hamil terhadap Kejadian Berat Bayi Lahir Rendah. Majority, 5(5), 22–26.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2018). Laporan Nasional RISKESDAS 2018.pdf. Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
Lassi, Z. S., Imam, A. M., Dean, S. V, & Bhutta, Z. A. (2014). Preconception care : caffeine , s moking, alcohol , drugs and other environmental chemical / radiation exposure. Reproductive
Health, 11(Suppl 3), S6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4755-11-S3-S6
Mcdonnell, B. P., & Regan, C. (2019). Smoking in pregnancy : pathophysiology of harm and current evidence for monitoring and cessation. The Obstretrician & Gynaecologist, 169–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/tog.12585
Minguez-Alacorn, L., Chavarro, J. E., & Gaskins, A. J. (2018). reproductive outcomes among couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology treatments. Fertility and Sterility, 110(4), 587–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.05.026
Nguyen, J. M. Van, & Abenhaim, H. A. (2013). Sudden Infant Death Syndrome : Review for the Obstetric Care Provider. Am J Perinatol, 1(212), 703–714.
Nomura, Y., Gilman, S. E., & Buka, S. L. (2011). Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Risk of Alcohol Use Disorders Among Adult Offspring. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 72(2), 199–209. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2011.72.199
Nykjaer, C., Alwan, N. A., Greenwood, D. C., Simpson, N. A. B., Hay, A. W. M., White, K. L. M., & Cade, J. E. (2014). Maternal alcohol intake prior to and during pregnancy and risk of adverse birth outcomes: evidence from a British cohort. Epidemiol Community Health, 68, 542–549. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2013-202934
Odendaal, H. J., Wilhelm, D., & Elliott, A. (2009). Combined Effects of Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption on Perinatal Outcome. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation, 67, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1159/000150597
Phillips, D. P., Brewer, K. M., & Wadensweiler, P. (2010). Alcohol as a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome ( SIDS ). Addiction, 106, 516–525.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360- 0443.2010.03199.
Skagerström, J. (2015). Alcohol consumption during pregnancy. linkoping.
Wubetu, A. D., Habte, S., & Dagne, K. (2019). Prevalence of risky alcohol use behavior and associated factors in pregnant antenatal care attendees in Debre Berhan,. BMC Psychiatry,19(250), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-225-1
3.png){kind=logo}
